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中国央行今起降准!向市场提供长期流动性人民币1兆

    2025-05-15 10:58:06

    中國人民銀行


    中国人民银行(央行)在5 月7 日发布公告,宣布周四(15 日)起下调金融机构存款准备金率0.5 个百分点(不含已执行5% 存款准备金率的金融机构),调低汽车金融公司和金融租赁公司存款准备金率5 个百分点。


    据《证券日报》报导,此次央行调降存款准备金率0.5 个百分点,向金融市场提供长期流动性约人民币1 兆元。


    据央行总裁潘功胜在5 月7 日国新办记者会上介绍,通过降准可以强化央行向银行体系提供流动性的结构,降低银行负债成本,增强银行负债的稳定性。


    同时,央行阶段性降低汽车金融公司、金融租赁公司的存款准备金率,从目前的5% 降至0%。这两类机构直接面向汽车消费、设备更新投资等领域提供金融支持,降低存款准备金率后,将有效增强这两类机构面向特定领域的信贷供给能力。


    民生银行首席经济学家温彬表示,央行降准0.5 个百分点以后,整体存款准备金率的平均水准将从原来的6.6% 降低到6.2%,将有效熨平资金波动、稳定信用扩张、促进内需修复,并有效缓解银行息差压力。


    中信证券首席经济学家明明认为,尽管4 月流动性相对宽松,但5 月政府债供给压力增大,超长期特别国债、商业银行注资特别国债均有落地,或贡献一定流动性缺口。央行选择在5 月降准,一方面进一步降低商业银行负债成本,另一方面配合财政端发力。


    财信金控首席经济学家伍超明说,央行阶段性将汽车金融公司、金融租赁公司的存款准备金率由5% 降至0%,有助于精准增强金融对汽车消费、设备更新投资等领域的信贷供给能力,也打破5% 的存款准备金利率「隐性下限」。


    展望未来,经济学家认为,今年中国央行仍有降准空间。


    浙商证券首席经济学家李超表示,从全年来看,央行预料2025 年货币政策维持宽松基调,与财政政策、产业政策形成政策合力,全年央行仍有一次50 个基点降准,以及20 个基点降息。


    高盛预测第四季央行会将再次「双降」,即50 个基点降准和10 个基点降息,2026 年可能会追加两次各10 个基点降息。

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